Az évforduló közeledtével megpróbáltam kideríteni, hogy mi is történt, és segített-e az akkori fellángolás a magyar szinkronon.
Nézzük először, hogy mi volt a kiváltó ok. A közvetett az volt, hogy a színészek és a dolgozók gázsija legalább egy évtizede nem emelkedett, és ez több embernek komoly gondot okozott. Nem biztos, hogy tényleges egzisztenciális problémát, inkább lelki hatásai voltak az árak változatlanságának. A közvetlen ok a Madagaszkár című film volt, amelynek egyik szereplője sérelmezte, hogy a különböző médiumok felhasználták az egyik általa előadott dalt a film promotálására, de ebből ő egy fillér pluszt sem kapott.
Az érdekek így találkoztak, és elindult a sztrájk megszervezése. Megjelentek a stúdiókban különböző felhívások, proklamációk, amelyek a színészeket próbálták rávenni a szolidaritásra. A szervezők ötlete az volt, hogyha három napra meg tudják bénítani a szakma működését, akkor elég erővel léphetnek fel a további érdekérvényesítéskor is. Azonban a szakma jelentősrésze úgy döntött, hogy inkább kimarad az egészből. A sztrájk szervezői a szinkronstúdiókra „támadtak”, és tőlük várták a „tekercs” díjak megemelését.
A három nap letelt, a sztrájk véget ért, a „tekercs” díjak azóta is változatlanok. A színészek közül alig néhányan vállalták fel a véleményüket. Sokan beteget jelentettek, vagy sürgős vidéki utakra való hivatkozással kimentették magukat. A stúdiók vagy előre dolgoztak, vagy utólag behozták a kiesést, de különösebb kár senkit nem ért. A sztrájkot szervező művészek egy ideig nem kaptak munkát bizonyos stúdiókban, de azóta már ez az „eltiltás” is megszűnt. A médiumok újra elfelejtkeztek a magyar szinkronról, és minden ment tovább ugyanúgy, mint a sztrájkot megelőzően. De vajon tényleg semmi nem változott?
Az érintettek közül a legtöbbször a legnagyobbnak számító Masterfilm kft. ügyvezetője, Bor Zoltán szólalt meg. Véleménye szerint a sztrájk alapvető célkitűzései is hibásak voltak.
– A stúdiók csak abból a pénzből gazdálkodhatnak, amit a megrendelőtől kapnak – osztja meg a legfontosabb tudnivalókat a stúdióvezető. Így esélytelen volt az-az ötlet, hogy mi emeljük meg a színészeknek adandó gázsikat. Ezzel a kéréssel hozzájuk kellett volna fordulni.
– És, ők szóba állnának a jelentkezőkkel?
– A megrendelő cégek szinte mindegyike külföldi tulajdonos kezében van, aki egy évre előre megszabja, hogy mennyi pénzből gazdálkodhatnak. Ehhez igazodva előre szerződést kötnek a szinkronstúdióval, és az időszak lejárta előtt nem is változtatnak a megállapodott összegeken. A stúdióknak a rendelkezésre álló keretösszegekből kell gazdálkodniuk.
– De mi történne, ha a Masterfilm hirtelen áremelést kérne a megrendelőitől?
– Valószínűleg lenne egy kis vita, de ha nagyon ragaszkodnánk az elképzeléseinkhez, könnyen megrendelő nélkül maradnánk. Ezt meg nem vállalhatjuk fel, hiszen közel százan dolgoznak nekünk nap, mint nap.
– Tehát a megrendelő az úr minden esetben?
– Vannak persze olyan esetek, amikor a szükséges az aktuális anyagiak újra tárgyalása, de ezek mindig egy-egy filmhez kötődnek, és alaposan indokoltak. Persze ekkor sem biztos, hogy meg tudjuk győzni a megrendelőt a drágább, de jobb minőségű színészről. Ilyenkor engednünk kell az elképzeléseinkből.
– Ám, ha a megrendelőkre nem lehet hatni, akkor milyen lehetőség van több pénz megszerzésére?
– Két fő irányvonalat tudnék elképzelni. Az egyik, hogy a kereskedelmi televíziók által fizetett kulturális járulékokból részesedjen a szakma, hiszen a csatornák műsorának jelentős részében futnak szinkronizált filmek. A másik, hogy az üres DVD-kre kivetett adókból kapjon vissza az, aki részt vett az adott film szinkronizálásában.
– Ez ugyan jól hangzik, de kétlem, hogy a szakma jelenlegi széttagoltságában komoly sikert lehessen elérni – bújik belém a kisördög.
– Ezt az elképzelést a sztrájkot szervezőknek is elmondtam, de nem történt lépés ebbe az irányba sem.
– A legnagyobb stúdió vezetőjeként, a magyar szinkron egyik legnagyobb munkaadójaként lát esélyt arra, hogy a következő években megváltozzon a szakma helyzete? Lesz még újra világhírű a magyar szinkron?
– Ebben nekem ugyanannyi beleszólásom van, mint bárki másnak, aki filmek magyar változatait készíti. A minőség a régi időben sem elsősorban a pénztől függött. Odafigyeléssel, kellő szakmai tapasztalattal most is lehet kiváló munkát végezni. Nemcsak nálunk, de még jónéhány stúdióban készülnek olyan szinkronok, amelyek mindenkinek büszkeséget okozhatnak. A Mikroszinkron-ban, az SDI-ben, a Mafilm-ben és még egy-két kisebb stúdióban rendszeresen készülnek jó minőségű, igényes magyar változatok.
– És, a pénz?
– A szokásjog vagy hagyomány alapján kialakult egy tarifa rendszer, amely ugyan nincs leírva, de szinte minden stúdióban figyelembe veszik. Ennek alapján tudjuk, hogy egy színész gázsija nagyjából melyik kategóriába tartozik. A szakmában mozgó néhány száz ember legnagyobb része legalább ezerpercnyi szinkront elmond egy hónapban, amely az átlagos 300 forintos percdíjjal számolva nem számít olyan rossz fizetésnek. Persze tudom, hogy van, akinek ez is kevés, de az országos átlaghoz képest talán még mindig nem rossz.
Mi annyit tudunk tenni, hogy munkát adunk olyan embereknek, akik különböző fogyatékosság miatt nem kapnának máshol fizetést. Számos olyan fordítónk, dramaturgunk van, akik mozgássérültek, vagy más hátránnyal élők. Ők, az egészséges társaikkal egyező összegért dolgoznak a fordításainkon. Talán ezzel a lépéssel is segíthetünk a magyar szinkron jobb elismertetésében – búcsúzik a stúdióvezető.
Minden éremnek két oldala van, gondolkodtam hazafele menet. A sztrájk alatt sokan mondtak sokfélét. Akadt, aki személyes sértettségből beszélt és akadt, aki számításból. Ám a legfontosabb, a szakmai összefogás elmaradt, és talán ez volt az egyik legfontosabb oka a sztrájk elbukásának. Azt csak remélni tudom, hogy a Bor Zoltán által említett – és az ahhoz hasonló – ötleteket egyszer valaki meghallgatja, megfontolja, és megpróbálja a szakma támogatásával megvalósítani. Talán akkor megint világhírű lesz a magyar szinkron.
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